casa de aposta com bonus sem depósito-rapant-mcelroy.com

Subprefecture and commune in Île-de-France, France

Saint-Denis ( , French: [sɛ̃d(ə)ni] ⓘ) is a commune in 4️⃣ the northern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located 9.4 km (5.8 mi) from the centre of Paris. Saint-Denis is 4️⃣ the second most populated suburb of Paris (after Boulogne-Billancourt), with a population of 113,116 at the 2024 census. It is 4️⃣ a subprefecture (French: sous-préfecture) of the department of Seine-Saint-Denis, being the seat of the arrondissement of Saint-Denis. It is also 4️⃣ part of the Métropole du Grand Paris.

Saint-Denis is home to the royal necropolis of the Basilica of Saint-Denis and was 4️⃣ also the location of the associated abbey. It is also home to France's national football and rugby stadium, the Stade 4️⃣ de France, built for the 1998 FIFA World Cup. Saint-Denis is a formerly industrial suburb currently changing its economic base. 4️⃣ Inhabitants of Saint-Denis are called Dionysiens.[3]

Name [ edit ]

Until the 3rd century, Saint-Denis was a small settlement called Catolacus or 4️⃣ Catulliacum, probably meaning "estate of Catullius", a Gallo-Roman landowner. About 250 AD, the first bishop of Paris, Saint Denis, was 4️⃣ martyred on Montmartre hill and buried in Catolacus. Shortly after 250 AD, his grave became a shrine and a pilgrimage 4️⃣ centre, with the building of the Abbey of Saint Denis, and the settlement was renamed Saint-Denis.

In 1793, during the French 4️⃣ Revolution, Saint-Denis was renamed Franciade in a gesture of rejection of religion. In 1803, however, under the Consulate of Napoléon 4️⃣ Bonaparte, the city reverted to its former name of Saint-Denis.

History [ edit ]

During its history, Saint-Denis has been closely associated 4️⃣ with the French royal house. Starting from Dagobert I (c. 603–639), almost every French king was buried in the Basilica.

However, 4️⃣ Saint-Denis is older than that. In the 2nd century, there was a Gallo-Roman village named Catolacus on the location that 4️⃣ Saint-Denis occupies today. Saint Denis, the first bishop of Paris and patron saint of France, was martyred in about 250 4️⃣ AD and buried in the cemetery of Catolacus. Denis' tomb quickly became a place of worship. Around 475 AD, Sainte 4️⃣ Geneviève had a small chapel erected on Denis' tomb, which by then had become a popular destination for pilgrims. It 4️⃣ was this chapel that Dagobert I had rebuilt and turned into a royal monastery. Dagobert granted many privileges to the 4️⃣ monastery: independence from the bishop of Paris, the right to hold a market, and, most importantly, he was buried in 4️⃣ Saint-Denis; a tradition which was followed by almost all his successors. During the Middle Ages, because of the privileges granted 4️⃣ by Dagobert, Saint-Denis grew to become very important. Merchants from all over Europe (and indeed from the Byzantine Empire) came 4️⃣ to visit its market.

In 1140, Abbot Suger, counselor to the King, granted further privileges to the citizens of Saint-Denis. He 4️⃣ also started the work of enlarging the Basilica of Saint Denis that still exists today, often cited as the first 4️⃣ example of high early Gothic Architecture.[4][5] The new church was consecrated in 1144.

Saint-Denis was depopulated in the Hundred Years' War; 4️⃣ of its 10,000 citizens, only 3,000 remained after the war.

During the French Wars of Religion, the Battle of Saint-Denis was 4️⃣ fought between Catholics and Protestants on 10 November 1567. The Protestants were defeated, but the Catholic commander Anne de Montmorency 4️⃣ was killed. In 1590, the city surrendered to Henry IV, who converted to Catholicism in 1593 in the abbey of 4️⃣ Saint-Denis.

King Louis XIV (1638–1715) started several industries in Saint-Denis: weaving and spinning mills and dyehouses. His successor, Louis XV (1710–1774), 4️⃣ whose daughter was a nun in the Carmelite convent, took a lively interest in the city: he added a chapel 4️⃣ to the convent and also renovated the buildings of the royal abbey.

During the French Revolution, not only was the city 4️⃣ renamed "Franciade" from 1793 to 1803, but the royal necropolis was looted and destroyed. The remains were removed from the 4️⃣ tombs and thrown together; during the French Restoration, since they could not be sorted out anymore, they were reburied in 4️⃣ a common ossuary.

Saint-Denis in 1830.

The last king to be interred in Saint-Denis was Louis XVIII (1755 – 1824). After France 4️⃣ became a republic and an empire, Saint-Denis lost its association with royalty.

On 1 January 1860, the city of Paris was 4️⃣ enlarged by annexing neighbouring communes. On that occasion, the commune of La Chapelle-Saint-Denis was disbanded and divided between the city 4️⃣ of Paris, Saint-Denis, Saint-Ouen, and Aubervilliers. Saint-Denis received the north-western part of La Chapelle-Saint-Denis.

During the 19th century, Saint-Denis became increasingly 4️⃣ industrialised. Transport was much improved: in 1824 the Canal Saint-Denis was constructed, linking the Canal de l'Ourcq in the northeast 4️⃣ of Paris to the River Seine at the level of L'Île-Saint-Denis, and in 1843 the first railway reached Saint-Denis. By 4️⃣ the end of the century, there were 80 factories in Saint-Denis.

The presence of so many industries also gave rise to 4️⃣ an important socialist movement. In 1892, Saint-Denis elected its first socialist administration, and by the 1920s, the city had acquired 4️⃣ the nickname of la ville rouge, the red city. Until Jacques Doriot in 1934, all mayors of Saint-Denis were members 4️⃣ of the Communist Party.

During the Second World War, after the defeat of France, Saint-Denis was occupied by the Germans on 4️⃣ 13 June 1940. There were several acts of sabotage and strikes, most notably on 14 April 1942 at the Hotchkiss 4️⃣ factory. After an insurgency which started on 18 August 1944, Saint-Denis was liberated by the 2nd Armored Division (France) on 4️⃣ 27 August 1944.

After the war, the economic crisis of the 1970s and 1980s hit the city, which was strongly dependent 4️⃣ on its heavy industry.

During the 1990s, however, the city started to grow again. The 1998 FIFA World Cup provided an 4️⃣ enormous impulse; the main stadium for the tournament, the Stade de France, was built in Saint-Denis, along with many infrastructural 4️⃣ improvements, such as the extension of the metro to Saint-Denis-Université. The stadium is used by the national football and rugby 4️⃣ teams for friendly matches. The Coupe de France, Coupe de la Ligue and Top 14 final matches are held there, 4️⃣ as well as the Meeting Areva international athletics event.

Rue Gabriel Péri, a pedestrian zone in Saint-Denis, in 2012.

Since 2000, Saint-Denis 4️⃣ has worked with seven neighbouring communes (Aubervilliers, Villetaneuse, Pierrefitte-sur-Seine, Épinay-sur-Seine, L'Île-Saint-Denis (since 2003), Stains (since 2003), and La Courneuve (since 4️⃣ 2005)) in Plaine Commune.

In 2003, together with Paris, Saint-Denis hosted the second European Social Forum.

On 13–14 November 2024, Saint-Denis was 4️⃣ the main location of a series of mass shootings and hostage-takings just outside the Stade de France. On 18 November, 4️⃣ a major follow-up raid occurred. Several suspects were killed, including alleged mastermind Abdelhamid Abaaoud.[6]

In 2024, Saint-Denis was one of the 4️⃣ host cities of the UEFA European Football Championships, including the opening game.[7]

Heraldry [ edit ]

Motto : Saint Denys Montjoie !

The 4️⃣ coat of arms are described in Old French by the phrase: Azure semé de lys Or (also known as France 4️⃣ ancien).

Arms of Saint-Denis

Arms on the front of the post office, rue de la République

Population [ edit ]

Historical population Year Pop. 4️⃣ ±% p.a. 1793 5,642 — 1800 3,955 −4.95% 1806 3,892 −0.27% 1821 5,569 +2.42% 1831 9,618 +5.62% 1836 9,332 −0.60% 4️⃣ 1841 10,338 +2.07% 1846 10,597 +0.50% 1851 13,688 +5.25% 1856 15,930 +3.08% 1861 22,052 +6.72% 1866 26,117 +3.44% 1872 31,983 4️⃣ +3.43% 1876 34,908 +2.21% 1881 43,895 +4.69% 1886 48,009 +1.81% 1891 50,992 +1.21% 1896 54,432 +1.31% Year Pop. ±% p.a. 4️⃣ 1901 60,808 +2.24% 1906 64,790 +1.28% 1911 71,759 +2.06% 1921 76,358 +0.62% 1926 79,872 +0.90% 1931 82,412 +0.63% 1936 78,401 4️⃣ −0.99% 1946 69,939 −1.14% 1954 80,705 +1.81% 1962 94,264 +1.96% 1968 99,268 +0.87% 1975 96,132 −0.46% 1982 90,829 −0.81% 1990 4️⃣ 89,988 −0.12% 1999 85,832 −0.52% 2007 100,800 +2.03% 2012 108,274 +1.44% 2024 111,135 +0.52% Source: EHESS[8] and INSEE (1968–2024)[9]

Immigration [ 4️⃣ edit ]

Place of birth of residents of Saint-Denis in 1999 Born in metropolitan France Born outside metropolitan France 64.4% 35.6% 4️⃣ Born in

overseas France Born in foreign countries with French citizenship at birth1 EU-15 immigrants2 Non-EU-15 immigrants 4.3% 2.5% 5.5% 23.3% 4️⃣ 1 This group is made up largely of former French settlers, such as Pieds-Noirs in Northwest Africa, followed by former 4️⃣ colonial citizens who had French citizenship at birth (such as was often the case for the native elite in French 4️⃣ colonies), as well as to a lesser extent foreign-born children of French expatriates. A foreign country is understood as a 4️⃣ country not part of France in 1999, so a person born for example in 1950 in Algeria, when Algeria was 4️⃣ an integral part of France, is nonetheless listed as a person born in a foreign country in French statistics.

2 An 4️⃣ immigrant is a person born in a foreign country not having French citizenship at birth. An immigrant may have acquired 4️⃣ French citizenship since moving to France, but is still considered an immigrant in French statistics. On the other hand, persons 4️⃣ born in France with foreign citizenship (the children of immigrants) are not listed as immigrants.

Maghrebians [ edit ]

As of 2008 4️⃣ 18.1% of the population of Saint-Denis was Maghrebian.[10] Melissa K. Brynes, author of French Like Us? Municipal Policies and North 4️⃣ African Migrants in the Parisian Banlieues, 1945–1975, wrote that in the middle of the 20th century, "few of [the Paris-area 4️⃣ communes with North African populations] were as engaged with their migrant communities as the Dionysiens."[11]

Transport [ edit ]

Saint-Denis is served 4️⃣ by Metro, RER, tram, and Transilien connections. The Saint-Denis rail station, built in 1846, was formerly the only one in 4️⃣ Saint-Denis, but today serves as an interchange station for the Transilien Paris – Nord (Line H) suburban rail line and 4️⃣ RER line D. The French rail company SNCF is also based in the town.

Paris Métro Line 12:

Paris Métro Line 13:

Tramways 4️⃣ in Île-de-France:

Regional Rail:

Crime [ edit ]

Saint-Denis has a comparatively higher crime rate than most surroundings communes, with higher rates of 4️⃣ robbery, drugs offences and murder.[12]

In 2010 Saint-Denis had the highest rate of violent crime in France with 1,899 violent robberies 4️⃣ and 1,031 assaults (an average of six robberies and three assaults per day)[13]

To fight insecurity and delinquency, the Minister of 4️⃣ Public Safety Jean-Marc Ayrault increased national police force in the Basilica district and the Landy Nord, classifying them as a 4️⃣ Priority Security Zone 'ZSP' since 2012.[14]

In 2014, a total of 14,437 crimes were reported for 110,000 inhabitants.[15][16]

Saint-Denis made international headlines 4️⃣ for violent disorder before and after the 2024 UEFA Champions League Final, in which fans of visiting football team Liverpool 4️⃣ F.C. were involved in unrest around the stadium along with local groups of youths, with the chaos becoming an issue 4️⃣ in the 2024 French legislative election.[17][18]

Education [ edit ]

Saint-Denis has 29 public preschools/nursery schools (écoles maternelles).[19] Saint-Denis has 30 public 4️⃣ elementary schools (écoles élémentaires), with one of those schools (École Élémentaire Maria Casarès) being an intercommunal school.[20] Saint-Denis has eight 4️⃣ public junior high schools (collèges).[21] Saint-Denis has the following senior high schools/sixth-form colleges: Lycée Bartholdi, Lycée Paul Éluard, Lycée Suger, 4️⃣ and Lycée d’application de l’E.N.N.A.[22]

Saint-Denis has one private elementary, middle, and high school (Ensemble Scolaire Jean-Baptiste de la Salle-Notre Dame 4️⃣ de la Compassion) and one private middle and high school (Collège et lycée Saint-Vincent-de-Paul).[21][22]

Notable people [ edit ]

Points of interest 4️⃣ [ edit ]

Twin towns — sister cities [ edit ]

Saint-Denis is twinned with:

In popular culture [ edit ]

The 2024 video 4️⃣ game Red Dead Redemption 2 features a major city named Saint Denis, located in the fictional American state of Lemoyne. 4️⃣ The fictional city was based on New Orleans, and both share a history of being former French territories.

References [ edit 4️⃣ ]